Fukue Domain (福江藩 Fukue-han) was a tozama Japanese feudal domain of the Edo period, located in the Gotō Islands, off the western coast of Kyūshū in the East China Sea, which were considered part of Hizen Province. The domain was also called Gotō Domain (五島藩 Gotō-han)
Gotō was settled in ancient times, and was a port of call on the trade route between Japan and Tang Dynasty China in the Nara period. Noted Buddhist prelate Kukai stopped at Gotō in 806. The islands came under the control of the Gotō clan, a local warload clan specializing in trade and piracy, from the Muromachi period. The area was the center of intense European missionary activity in the late 16th century, which converted most of the population to the Kirishitan faith. Gotō Harumasa (1548–1612) served Toyotomi Hideyoshi and participated in the Japanese invasions of Korea. During the Battle of Sekigahara he remained neutral. In 1602, after the start of the Tokugawa bakufu he pledged loyalty to Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu, and in return was confirmed in his ancestral holdings, with revenues of 15,000 koku.
The early days of the domain were troubled by political problems, with rivalries between different factions of the ruling clan, violent clashes over fishing rights between various islands and villages, and the unpopular suppression of the Kirishitan religion per the Tokugawa bakufu’s national seclusion policies. The situation became more quiescent in the 18th century with increasing prosperity due to the growth of whaling and the establishment of the separate Tomiei sub-domain (3000 koku) on Shinkamigotō.
Towards the Bakumatsu period, the 10th daimyō of Fukue Domain, Gotō Moriakira began reconstruction of Ishida Castle, with the work completed by Gotō Morinori, the 11th and final daimyō. It was the last Japanese castle to be built under the Tokugawa Bakufu.
Morinori was an early supporter of the Sonnō jōi movement, and was ordered to Kyoto in October 1867 to pledge his loyalty to Emperor Meiji. He arrived in Kyoto in 1868, and the new Meiji government ordered him to strength the maritime defenses of his island domain against possible incursions by foreign ships. To defray the costs of this program, the new government abolished the subsidiary fief of Tomie, and added its 3000 koku to his revenues. However, the people of Tomie were highly opposed to the union with Fukue, and it was not until July 1869 that he was able to take possession of the new territories. By this time, the position of daimyō had already been abolished, and his official title was that of domain governor.
On July 15, 1871, Fukue domain itself was abolished with the abolition of the han system, and became part of the new Nagasaki Prefecture.
The former Gotō domain is now part of Gotō city, Nagasaki Prefecture.
| Name | Tenure | Courtesy title | Court Rank | Revenue | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gotō Harumasa (五島玄雅) | 1603–1612 | Awaji-no-kami | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 15,000 koku |
| 2 | Gotō Moritoshi ( 五島盛利) | 1612–1642 | Awaji-no-kami | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 15,000 koku |
| 3 | Gotō Moritsugu (五島盛次) | 1642–1655 | none | none | 15,000 koku |
| 4 | Gotō Morikatsu ( 五島盛勝) | 1655–1677 | Awaji-no-kami | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 12,000 koku |
| 5 | Gotō Morinobu ( 五島盛暢) | 1677–1691 | Sado-no-kami | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 12,000 koku |
| 6 | Gotō Moriyoshi (五島盛佳) | 1691–1728 | Yamato-no-kami | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 12,000 koku |
| 7 | Gotō Morimichi ( 五島盛道) | 1728–1768 | Awaji-no-kami | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 12,000 koku |
| 8 | Gotō Moriyuki ( 五島盛運) | 1769–1809 | Yamato-no-kami | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 12,000 koku |
| 9 | Gotō Morishige ( 五島盛繁) | 1809–1829 | Yamato-no-kami | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 12,000 koku |
| 10 | Gotō Moriakira ( 五島盛成) | 1829–1858 | Yamato-no-kami | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 12,000 koku |
| 11 | Gotō Morinori ( 五島盛徳) | 1858–1871 | Hida-no-kami | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 15,000 koku |